Text knode: 23 Toxic Encephalopathy.doc

Fact No	Subject	Verb	Object	Weight
1	brain	damage	from chemical injury	6
2	brain	is	more susceptible	4
3	chemical breakdown products	called	free radicals	1
4	It	has	high proportion of polyunsaturated forming myelin	1
5	brain	has	special vulnerability to toxic damage, due to the following factors	7
6	brain function	verified	by testing	4
7	petrochemical compounds	have been shown	to cause chronic changes in brain function	5
8	Lipid soluble chemicals	enter	brain	4
9	Lipid soluble chemicals	pass	blood brain barrier easily10	4
10	Brain changes	are accompanied	by persisting chronic symptoms including headache, fatigue, weakness, balance disturbance, impaired coordination, reduced memory, attention span and concentration and mood and personality changes	5
11	Even low-level exposure to volatile organic compounds	can cause	changes in brain function	7
12	intermittent repeated exposures	have been documented	dependent sensitization	1
13	This study	was	study of the acute short-term effects	1
14	Brain damage	can occur	even following relatively short-term exposure to hydrocarbon/petrochemical compounds, which can also induce cacosmia	9
15	Toxic induced brain damage	can induce	chemical intolerance	8
16	Other studies	document	brain changes with low level chronic exposure	6
17	Further exposure	causes	further damage	5
18	Individuals with toxic encephalopathy	have	long-term or permanent brain damage, which creates severe impairment in their ability to function	6
19	Toxic exposure	leads	to the formation of antibodies to the brain/nervous system	2
20	Toxic exposure	leads	to changes in the neuromuscular function	3
21	Long term exposure to organic solvents	can induce	toxic encephalopathy with chronic persisting symptoms of fatigue	2
22	various chemical compounds	cause	chronic brain effects	6
23	nerve cell membranes and energy metabolism	causing	disturbances in the detoxification system	2
24	nerve cell membranes and energy metabolism	creating	toxic metabolites	1
25	means	include	solubility in fatty tissue which is highly prevalent in the brain, the high rate of blood flow in the brain, and the ability of solvents and other petrochemicals to attack	5
26	Petrochemical substances	being lipid	soluble	1
27	Petrochemical substances	are taken up	into the brain and concentrate in the lipid part of the brain including but not limited to the brain stem	5
28	Toxic chemical compounds	are	also capable of entering the brain directly through the nose	6
29	SPECT brain scans on adults with chronic symptoms following a history of toxic exposure to mixed petrochemical solvents compared to healthy controls	showed	reduced ability to take up the tracer substance in the early phase of injection	7
30	Increased tracer	was found	in the late phase of injection, consistent with impaired detoxification ability and/or reduced blood flow	2
31	Changes	were seen	in frontal, temporal and limbic brain areas	4
32	PET scans	associated	with chemical intolerance	2
33	limbic hypermetabolism	documented	on PET scans	1
34	Persons with toxic encephalopathy	can develop	limbic hypermetabolism	1
35	exposures	causing	brain damage in this study	7
36	Types of exposures	included	industrial exposures and accidents, "tight" sick office building exposure and environmental overexposure	3
37	SPECT scans	show	reduced blood flow to the brain in toxic encephalopathy	5
38	high blood flow and oxygen	reduced	flow easily damages their function	2
39	high blood flow and oxygen	needs	10	1
40	brain cells	are	readily damaged by reduced energy metabolism,10 a common finding in chemically injured patients	5
41	Chemicals	breathed	in enter the limbic system,1,10 which then affects the hypothalamus and pituitary, and through pituitary control, adrenal, thyroid and reproductive function	1
42	Persisting brain damage	can be caused	by symptomatic exposure	8
43	Persisting brain damage	can be caused	combustion products, pesticides, solvents, volatile organic compounds	8
44	not	limited	to environmental controls to reduce future exposure	2
45	chemicals	interfering	with brain function	4
46	Chronic toxic encephalopathy	is	long lasting brain structural damage or brain dysfunction secondary to an exposure from a chemical or mixture of chemicals	10
47	International Classification of Disease (ICD) code for toxic encephalopathy	is	349.82	1
48	Toxic petrochemicals	are excreted	using Phase I and II detoxification	1
49	Phase II detoxification	requires	causing significant further fatigue	1
50	Phase II detoxification	requires	lot of energy from the body's energy stores,38 thus	2
51	Phase II detoxification	requires	nutritional cofactors, which must be replaced	1
52	Petrochemical toxins	generate	increased free radicals in Phase I, which damage the energy generating mitochondria , thus leading to less energy for Phase II and increased tissue damage from Phase I free radicals which cannot be detoxified adequately in Phase II	5
53	Nutrients necessary for energy production	include	adequate thiamine	1
54	Nutrients	needed	to help protect from free radical damage	3
55	not	limited	to vitamins C, E, Zinc, Selenium and Copper	1
56	I	include	adequate antioxidants and other detoxification cofactors, including but not	1
57	Nutrients necessary for Phase II detoxification	include	cobalamine	1
58	Brain ischemia	can lead	to increased free radicals, death of brain cells and neurodegenerative disease	8
59	Increased free radicals	cause	increased risk of neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's, AML, Altzeimers and increased brain aging	4
60	Accelerated neurodegenerative disease	occurs	from increased oxidative stress41 such as from chemical exposure	4
61	Increased lipid peroxides	is	indicator of brain and cellular membrane lipid damage	8
62	cellular and other body membranes	resulting	in reduced polyunsaturated lipids	1
63	cellular and other body membranes	resulting	making membranes less flexible	1
64	membranes	makes	them more permeable to undesired amounts of substances	1
65	Free radicals from chemicals	damage	cellular and other body membranes	1
66	energy-generating structures	called	mitochondria	1
67	transport minerals and other vital nutrients and proteins	needed	for body repair	1
68	Free radicals	attack	proteins	1
69	Free radicals	attack	including but not limited to body enzymes, proteins	1
70	Free radicals	damage	producing more damaged DNA products such as 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine	1
71	Free radicals	damage	DNA and RNA	1

1

brain

damage

from chemical injury

6

2

brain

is

more susceptible

4

3

chemical breakdown products

called

free radicals

1

4

It

has

high proportion of polyunsaturated forming myelin

1

5

brain

has

special vulnerability to toxic damage, due to the following factors

7

6

brain function

verified

by testing

4

7

petrochemical compounds

have been shown

to cause chronic changes in brain function

5

8

Lipid soluble chemicals

enter

brain

4

9

Lipid soluble chemicals

pass

blood brain barrier easily10

4

10

Brain changes

are accompanied

by persisting chronic symptoms including headache, fatigue, weakness, balance disturbance, impaired coordination, reduced memory, attention span and concentration and mood and personality changes

5

11

Even low-level exposure to volatile organic compounds

can cause

changes in brain function

7

12

intermittent repeated exposures

have been documented

dependent sensitization

1

13

This study

was

study of the acute short-term effects

1

14

Brain damage

can occur

even following relatively short-term exposure to hydrocarbon/petrochemical compounds, which can also induce cacosmia

9

15

Toxic induced brain damage

can induce

chemical intolerance

8

16

Other studies

document

brain changes with low level chronic exposure

6

17

Further exposure

causes

further damage

5

18

Individuals with toxic encephalopathy

have

long-term or permanent brain damage, which creates severe impairment in their ability to function

6

19

Toxic exposure

leads

to the formation of antibodies to the brain/nervous system

2

20

Toxic exposure

leads

to changes in the neuromuscular function

3

21

Long term exposure to organic solvents

can induce

toxic encephalopathy with chronic persisting symptoms of fatigue

2

22

various chemical compounds

cause

chronic brain effects

6

23

nerve cell membranes and energy metabolism

causing

disturbances in the detoxification system

2

24

nerve cell membranes and energy metabolism

creating

toxic metabolites

1

25

means

include

solubility in fatty tissue which is highly prevalent in the brain, the high rate of blood flow in the brain, and the ability of solvents and other petrochemicals to attack

5

26

Petrochemical substances

being lipid

soluble

1

27

Petrochemical substances

are taken up

into the brain and concentrate in the lipid part of the brain including but not limited to the brain stem

5

28

Toxic chemical compounds

are

also capable of entering the brain directly through the nose

6

29

SPECT brain scans on adults with chronic symptoms following a history of toxic exposure to mixed petrochemical solvents compared to healthy controls

showed

reduced ability to take up the tracer substance in the early phase of injection

7

30

Increased tracer

was found

in the late phase of injection, consistent with impaired detoxification ability and/or reduced blood flow

2

31

Changes

were seen

in frontal, temporal and limbic brain areas

4

32

PET scans

associated

with chemical intolerance

2

33

limbic hypermetabolism

documented

on PET scans

1

34

Persons with toxic encephalopathy

can develop

limbic hypermetabolism

1

35

exposures

causing

brain damage in this study

7

36

Types of exposures

included

industrial exposures and accidents, "tight" sick office building exposure and environmental overexposure

3

37

SPECT scans

show

reduced blood flow to the brain in toxic encephalopathy

5

38

high blood flow and oxygen

reduced

flow easily damages their function

2

39

high blood flow and oxygen

needs

10

1

40

brain cells

are

readily damaged by reduced energy metabolism,10 a common finding in chemically injured patients

5

41

Chemicals

breathed

in enter the limbic system,1,10 which then affects the hypothalamus and pituitary, and through pituitary control, adrenal, thyroid and reproductive function

1

42

Persisting brain damage

can be caused

by symptomatic exposure

8

43

Persisting brain damage

can be caused

combustion products, pesticides, solvents, volatile organic compounds

8

44

not

limited

to environmental controls to reduce future exposure

2

45

chemicals

interfering

with brain function

4

46

Chronic toxic encephalopathy

is

long lasting brain structural damage or brain dysfunction secondary to an exposure from a chemical or mixture of chemicals

10

47

International Classification of Disease (ICD) code for toxic encephalopathy

is

349.82

1

48

Toxic petrochemicals

are excreted

using Phase I and II detoxification

1

49

Phase II detoxification

requires

causing significant further fatigue

1

50

Phase II detoxification

requires

lot of energy from the body's energy stores,38 thus

2

51

Phase II detoxification

requires

nutritional cofactors, which must be replaced

1

52

Petrochemical toxins

generate

increased free radicals in Phase I, which damage the energy generating mitochondria , thus leading to less energy for Phase II and increased tissue damage from Phase I free radicals which cannot be detoxified adequately in Phase II

5

53

Nutrients necessary for energy production

include

adequate thiamine

1

54

Nutrients

needed

to help protect from free radical damage

3

55

not

limited

to vitamins C, E, Zinc, Selenium and Copper

1

56

I

include

adequate antioxidants and other detoxification cofactors, including but not

1

57

Nutrients necessary for Phase II detoxification

include

cobalamine

1

58

Brain ischemia

can lead

to increased free radicals, death of brain cells and neurodegenerative disease

8

59

Increased free radicals

cause

increased risk of neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's, AML, Altzeimers and increased brain aging

4

60

Accelerated neurodegenerative disease

occurs

from increased oxidative stress41 such as from chemical exposure

4

61

Increased lipid peroxides

is

indicator of brain and cellular membrane lipid damage

8

62

cellular and other body membranes

resulting

in reduced polyunsaturated lipids

1

63

cellular and other body membranes

resulting

making membranes less flexible

1

64

membranes

makes

them more permeable to undesired amounts of substances

1

65

Free radicals from chemicals

damage

cellular and other body membranes

1

66

energy-generating structures

called

mitochondria

1

67

transport minerals and other vital nutrients and proteins

needed

for body repair

1

68

Free radicals

attack

proteins

1

69

Free radicals

attack

including but not limited to body enzymes, proteins

1

70

Free radicals

damage

producing more damaged DNA products such as 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine

1

71

Free radicals

damage

DNA and RNA

1


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